Universal Expansion Joints

Universal expansion joints
Universal Bellows

Universal Expansion Joints
Universal Expansion Joints With Flange Ends
Universal Expansion Joints
Universal Expansion Joints consist of two bellows elements joined together by a common spool piece so it is also called as Double Bellows Expansion Joint or Universal Bellows. An Universal Expansion Joint is generally used where more lateral movement is to be absorbed which is beyond the capacity of a single Axial Expansion Joint and when there is a limitation on the amount of lateral forces allowed by the connecting pipe system.
Rectangular Universal Expansion Joints
The products are capable of absorbing axial movement, lateral deflection and angular rotation or any combination of these. The amount of lateral deflection that can be absorbed by a double bellows expansion joint is directly proportional to the length of the spool piece between the two bellows elements. The amount of axial movement and angular rotation an universal expansion joint can absorbs depends on the characteristic of the elements such as ply thickness, number of plies, number of convolutions, pitch of convolutions, depth of convolutions, material of construction of the bellows elements etc.
Universal Expansion Joints
Universal Expansion Joints
When internally pressurized, universal bellows exerts a thrust force on the anchors adjacent equipments as a result of pressure. In this type of expansion joint force is equal to the mean effective area of the bellows times the internal pressure. As there are no tie rods in this expansion joints to absorb the pressure thrust it must be entirely absorbed by the anchors. So the anchors must be sufficiently designed to withstand the full thrust forces. Due to lack of tie rods and the nature of these joints to impose the thrust loads on the anchors, double expansion joints are mainly restricted to low or moderate operating pressure applications.

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Various Types of Universal Expansion Joints
Axial Expansion Joints

Fixed Flanges (1101)

Axial Expansion Joints

Fixed Flanges Compact (1102)

Axial Expansion Joints

Rotary Flanges (1103)

Axial Expansion Joints

Weld Ends (1104)

Reaction Force
TIED SINGLE EXPANSION JOINT FOR SMALL LATERAL MOVEMENTS
TIED SINGLE EXPANSION JOINT FOR SMALL LATERAL MOVEMENTS
Under pressure, this joint exerts a reaction force on the adjoining pipe. This reaction force should be absorbed by anchors at both ends of the pipe section in which the axial expansion joint is installed. In a piping system with several expansion joints, the system should be broken up by intermediate anchors into sections with one such joint in each section. The anchors at the end of the piping system are designed to absorb the full reaction force (pressure thrust force) of the expansion joints. Intermediate anchors are designed to resist forces due to friction, uneven cooling, etc.
ANCHOR & GUIDE ARRANGEMENT FOR T JUNCTION
ANCHOR & GUIDE ARRANGEMENT FOR T JUNCTION

Stainless steel bellows are designed to compensate for axial displacements. Slight lateral movements of bellows are acceptable but reduce the cyclic life expectancy if the allowable axial movement is used at the same time. The lateral movement on this type of expansion joint produces the highest forces and the most detrimental movement for this type of expansion joint. For this reason, axial expansion joints should be installed co-axially with the piping. The Stainless steel bellows should be made to avoid lateral movements by providing directional main anchors at the ends (two-direction supports acting at right angles to the axis of the pipe) to direct the piping growth into this joint only in the axial direction.

THIS REACTION FORCE = (MEAN EFFECTIVE AREA) X (LINE PRESSURE)

When the axial movements of the piping run exceeds the capacity of a single bellows axial expansion joint a double bellows joint with support foot ( intermediate anchor) welded to a center spool can be used.This type of double bellows axial expansion joint is located in the center of the piping run and each single joint on either side absorbs the axial movement of that section of the piping within which it is located.
ANCHOR AND GUIDE ARRANGEMENTS FOR CHANGE IN FLOW DIRECTION
ANCHOR AND GUIDE ARRANGEMENTS FOR CHANGE IN FLOW DIRECTION
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